The Invention of Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola began it's existance in a three-legged brass pot in the backyard of John S. Pemberton on May 8, 1886. Pemberton was a pharmacist trying to create a new headache tonic. Pemberton took his creation to the now famous Jacob's Pharmacy (pictured below), about 2 blocks from his home. There the syrup was mixed with cold tap water and sold to ailing customers for 5 cents. As the story goes, a customer in great pain came in and ordered the syrup and the soda jerk accidentally mixed it with carbonated water instead of regular tap water. The customer loved the new drink, declaring it "Delicious and Refreshing!"

Frank Robinson, Pemberton's partner and bookkeeper, suggested the name "Coca-Cola", taking each part of the name from a key ingredient in the product and proclaiming that the two C's would look good in advertising. Mr. Robinson penned "Coca-Cola" in the unique flowing script that is now famous worldwide!

In 1886, sales of Coca-Cola averaged 9 drinks per day. That first year, Pemberton sold only 25 gallons of syrup. For his efforts, Pemberton grossed $50.00 and spent $73.96 on advertising!

As John Pemberton's health grew worse, he sold the company off. Asa Candler took sole ownership of the company by 1891 for a mere $2,300.00!!! (that included all rights, including his initial investment!)

In 1894, Coca-Cola was first bottled by Joseph Biedenharn, owner of the Biedenharn Candy Company of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Candler believed that the bottling idea was crazy and that people would never go for it! As the popularity of Coca-Cola increased, many imitators came onto the scene, offering products such as "Koca-Kola", so the company decided that they needed a bottle that would be easily recognizable so as not to be confused with any other. The Root Glass Company of Terre Haute, Indiana designed the now famous "contour bottle" or "hobbleskirt". This bottle design was first patented in 1915 and then again December 25, 1923. In the year 1928, bottle sales first surpassed fountain sales, proving that the bottling idea had been a great success!

Asa Candler's merchandising flair helped expand the company to every state and territory by 1919. In that year, Candler (who then went on to become mayor of Atlanta, Georgia!) sold the company to Ernest Woodruff and a group of investors for $25 million and in 1923 Robert Woodruff (Ernest's eldest son) became president of the company. Robert Woodruff's more than six decades of leadership took the business to unrivaled heights of commercial success, making Coca-Cola an institution the world over!

At the beginning of WWII, Robert Woodruff issued an order to "see to it that every man in uniform gets a bottle of Coca-Cola for 5 cents wherever he is and whatever it costs the company!" In 1943, during World War II, Eisenhower sent a telegram requesting 10 additional Coca-Cola bottling plants overseas for our troops. At the beginning of the war, Coke was bottled in 44 countries. At the close of the war, 64 additional bottling plants had been established abroad. The presence of Coca-Cola did more than lift the morale of the troops...it gave many local people in those countries their first taste of Coca-Cola, paving the way for unprecedented worldwide sales after the war!

The cover page of the May 15, 1950 issue of Time magazine features a Coca-Cola advertisement. It was the first time that a consumer product had been featured on their cover. That same issue also contained a detailed story about Coca-Cola's extensive distribution and franchising system.

In 1981, Robert Goizueta became president of Coca-Cola and soon became one of the most successful businessmen in the world. Mr. Goizueta had come to America from Cuba with little more than a suitcase.

In 1985, the Coca-Cola Company introduced its new formula for Coke, calling the product "New Coke" and then "Coke II". The public demanded their original formula back and the company soon began producing "Coca-Cola Classic".

Today, Coca-Cola is available in nearly 200 countries around the globe and its trademark is written in approximately 80 languages! It is one of the most recognizable logos in the world!

Apple Computer, Inc.


Address:
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, California 95014
U.S.A.

Telephone: (408) 996-1010

Fax: (408) 974-2113
http://www.apple.com

Statistics:
Public Company
Incorporated: 1977
Employees: 9,736
Sales: $6.13 billion (1999)
Stock Exchanges: NASDAQ
Ticker Symbol: AAPL
NAIC: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; 334119 Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing (pt); 51121 Software Publishers

Apple Inc. is an American corporation that designs and manufactures computer hardware, software and other consumer electronics. The company is best known for their Macintosh personal computer line, Mac OS X, extremely loyal user-base, iTunes media application and the iPod personal music player. The company headquarters is in Cupertino, California, CEO and co-founder is Steve Jobs and the company boasts 284 retail locations spanning 10 different countries.

Apple was established on April 1st, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. Steve Jobs was said to own 45% of the company, Steve Wozniak with 45% and Wayne with the remaining 10%. While Jobs and Wozniak were young with little to no assets, Ronald Wayne was older with personal assets and was scared to put these at risk. This resulted in Wayne selling his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for a reported 800$. Today Wayne’s share of the company would be worth over 3 billion dollars.

Apple has developed a unique reputation in the consumer electronics field. Those who use Apple electronics tend to be enthusiastic about and loyal to the products while those who have no experience with Apple’s products often criticize them as being overpriced.

Perhaps the single most important PR decision made by Apple to date was the production and release of their “1984" commercial. This commercial was directed by Ridley Scott and aired during the third quarter of Super Bowl XVIII. The commercial was modeled after George Orwell’s novel 1984 which depicted a dystopian future where “Big Brother” told people what to think and as a result people, in general, had very little freedom of choice. Some say “Big Brother”, at the time, was meant to represent IBM while the female heroine was Apple. Today many would say that “Big Brother” was Microsoft with the heroine still being Apple, giving freedom of choice back to the people. Regardless of your interpretation of the commercial or your views on Apple as a company there is no denying that the commercial was a major event in the history of Apple and brought some much needed notoriety to the Macintosh line of computers.



With the release of the iMac on August 15, 1998 Apple was able to put to rest some its past failures. These failures included the first Apple Portable, which was bulky and awkward and the Newton, Apple’s first attempt to enter the PDA market. In 2001, after several years of development, Apple released Mac OS X, an operating system that targeted both consumers and professionals. Mac OS X was a complete redesign from Mac OS 9 and was able to harness the power of UNIX while offering a streamlined user experience with a simplified GUI (Graphical User Interface). The iMac line of personal computers paired with Mac OS X returned Apple to profitability and the release of the iPod portable digital audio player later that year was the icing on the cake. The phenomenal success of the iPod set the stage for future products, including the best selling mobile device in history, the Apple iPhone, the MacBook line of portable computers, and the Apple iPad announced on January 27, 2010.

The History of Google

The History of Google

Everyone knows the name Google. Whether young or old, computer smart or not this name will pop up in any conversation about computers. Google has created some very impressive milestones of its time and continues to grow rapidly every day. It all started when Larry Page and Sergey Brin met in Stanford. Larry was 22 and a graduate of University of Michigan was there considering attending the school. And low and behold Sergey, who was 21, was there to show him around. Talk about a match made in heaven!

However, according to some they disagreed on just about everything during their first meeting. In 1996, now firm friends and both of them computer science grad students, began developing a search engine called BackRub. This search engine had operated on Stanford servers for just a little over a year when it started taking up to much bandwidth to suite Stanford. So they decided to switch servers and renamed the search engine in 1997, calling it Google. The name comes from a mathematical term for the number 1 followed by 100 zero’s. The use of the term reflects their mission to organize a seemingly infinite amount of information on the web.

In august of 2008, Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim writes them a check for $100,000 to a company that didn’t even exist yet. It was at this very moment that they realized what they had and went and incorporated the name Google Inc. Their knowledge was great, but not great enough to impress the money boys or the major internet portals. Oh how they wish they invested in them now! So they began struggling for financial support. Andy was one of the few to see true potential of what these boys had created. During their presentation to him, Andy said he had to duck out for another meeting and offered to write them a check. The check was for $100,000 and that indeed had got things moving for them.

In September the boys moved into the their workspace in Susan Wojcicki’s garage at 232 Santa Margarita, Menlo Park, CA. They then went on to file for incorporation in California on September 4 1998. Shortly after completing this important task, the boys went an opened a bank account in the name of Google Inc., their newly established company, and deposited the $100,000 dollar check Andy Bechtolsheim had given them. Shortly after they have established there new business they began hiring employees. There first one was Craig Silverstein, a fellow grad student from Stanford as well.

In December of 1998 PC Magazine wrote: “The 25 million pages currently catalogued seem to be good choices. The site has uncanny knack for returning extremely relevant results. There’s much more to come from Google, but even in its prototype form it’s a great search engine.” . They went on to say that Google had made its mark as one off the Top 100 websites for 1998. Even at the very beginning they received only the best reviews.

They then went on to become the most successful internet company ever. Early in 1999 they struck a deal with Sequoia Capital and Kleiner Perkins for $25 million. In November 1999 Charlie Ayers joined Google as the company’s first chef. In April of 2000. Google announced the MentalPlex program, which envisages the software’s ability to read your mind as you visualize the search results you want. In June of 2000, Google partnered with Yahoo! to become their default search provider. Also in June they announced the first billion URL index, making Google become the world’s largest search engine. In September of 2000 they started offering searches in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean , bringing their total number of supported languages to 15. In December 2000 Google toolbar was released.

They have been going strong ever since, making them the largest and best search engine site today, with multiple enhancements. They will continue to be at the top of their game for years to come.

Manang Marshyangdi Club

                                                   Manang Marshyangdi Club is a Nepali professional football club based in Swayambhu,Kathmandu, known as MMC is one of the most popular sports club in Nepal, which plays in the town of Katmandu. They play in the Nepalese first division, the Nepal A- Division League.The club is one of the most successful soccer club in Nepalese football, in terms of trophies won by a Nepali club. Looking from the history the fierce rival team for Manang Marshyangdi is Mahendra Police Club, a departmental team. The other rivals includes Three Star Club, New Road Team.
                                                    Manang Marshyandi started the season with blast featuring the most expensive side with the names like Anil Gurung and Santosh Sahukhala. They also brought Korean coach Lee Tae-Ho^[1] and which led to long time coach Balgopal Maharjan to be deputy coach and finally be led away from coaching duties. The side finished second level on points with the champions Nepal Police Club but missed out due to goal difference. There only consolation was beating the Police at the final 17th round.^[2]. The were promoted to play first ever Nepal National League.
                                                     The club does face the Nepal Police Club on different competition and can be considered as their main rivals. The rivalries have escalated due to these top forms. Also they have rivalries with Nepal Army Club, Three Star Club and New Road Team.
                                                      Companies that Manang Marshyangdi currently have sponsorship deals with include:

• Laxmi Hyundai - Principal Sponsor
• Mesuca - Official Sportswear Partner

FA CUP

The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in English football and is the oldest association football competition in the world.^[1] The "FA Cup" is run by and named after The Football Association and usually refers to the English men's tournament, although a women's tournament is also held. Its current sponsored name is The FA Cup with Budweiser^[2].
The FA Cup was first held in 1871–72. Entry is open to all teams who compete in the Premier League, the Football League and in steps one to five of the FA National League System, as well as selected teams in step 6.^[3] This means that clubs of all standards compete, from the largest clubs in England and Wales down to amateur village teams. The tournament has become known for the possibility for "minnows" from the lower divisions to become "giant-killers" by eliminating top clubs from the tournament and even theoretically win the Cup, although lower division teams rarely progress beyond the early stages. The qualification rounds and a system of byes mean that the very smallest and very biggest teams almost never meet.
The holders of the FA Cup are Manchester City, who beat Stoke City 1–0 in the 2011 final for their fifth Cup triumph and first since 1969.

The Champions League

The UEFA Champions League is a cup competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) since 1955 for the top football clubs in Europe. It is widely considered to be the most prestigious football club competition in the world.^[1][2] The final of the competition has been the most watched annual sporting event worldwide, drawing 109 million television viewers in 2010, narrowly eclipsing the Super Bowl for the first time.^[3]
Prior to 1992, the tournament was officially called the European Champion Clubs' Cup but was usually referred to as simply the European Cup. The competition was initially a straight knockout competition open only to the champion club of each country. During the 1990s the tournament began to be expanded, incorporating a round-robin group phase and more teams. Europe's strongest national leagues now provide up to four teams each for the competition. The UEFA Champions League should not be confused with the UEFA Europa League, formerly known as the UEFA Cup.
The tournament consists of several stages. In the present format it begins in mid-July with three knockout qualifying rounds and a play-off round. The 10 surviving teams join 22 seeded teams in the group stage, in which there are eight groups consisting of four teams each. The eight group winners and eight runners-up enter the final knockout phase, which ends with the final match in May. Since the tournament changed name and structure in 1992, no club has managed consecutive wins, with Milan being the last club to successfully defend their title, in 1990. The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup.
The title has been won by 21 different clubs, 12 of which have won the title more than once. The all-time record-holders are Real Madrid, who have won the competition nine times, including the first five seasons it was contested. Spain's La Liga is marginally the most successful league, having amassed 13 wins (9 with Real Madrid and 4 with Barcelona). Italy's Serie A is the league with most appearances in the final (26). England has produced the highest number of winning clubs (4), although English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the events at Heysel in 1985.^[4]
Barcelona of Spain are the current champions, having beaten English side Manchester United in the 2011 final on 28 May 2011.

English Premier League

The Premier League is an English professional league for association football clubs. At the top of the English football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with The Football League. The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 38 matches each, totalling 380 matches in the season. Most games are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. It was known as the Premiership from 1993 to 2007. It is currently sponsored by Barclays Bank and therefore officially known as the Barclays Premier League.
The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from The Football League, which was originally founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. The Premier League has since become the world's most watched association football league.^[1] It is the world's most lucrative football league in terms of revenue, with combined club revenues of over £2 billion in 2008–09.^[2] It is ranked first in the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the last five years, ahead of Spain's La Liga and Germany's Bundesliga.^[3]
Since 1888, a total of 23 clubs have been crowned champions of the English football system. Of the 44 clubs to have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992, four have won the title: Manchester United (12 titles) Arsenal (3), Chelsea (3) and Blackburn Rovers (1). The current champions are Manchester United, who won the title in the 2010–11 season.

Barcelona

Futbol Club Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation: [fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə]), also known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça,^[2] is a Spanish professional football club, based in Barcelona, Spain. They play in La Liga, and are one of the only three clubs to have never been relegated, along with Athletic Bilbao and rival Real Madrid. They are the current Spanish and European football champions.
Founded as Foot-Ball Club Barcelona in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Spanish footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" (English: More than a club). The official Barça anthem is the "Cant del Barça" written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs. Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the world's second richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turn-over of €398 million. The club holds a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid, and matches between the two teams are referred to as "El Clásico".
FC Barcelona is the second most successful club in Spanish football in terms of overall trophies, having won 21 La Liga titles, a record 25 Spanish Cups, ten Spanish Super Cups and two League Cups. It is also one of most successful clubs in European football, having won 4 UEFA Champions League, 4 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, 3 UEFA Super Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup.^[3] It is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. That same year, it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup.

Manchester United

Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club, based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, that plays in the Premier League. Founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, the club changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to Old Trafford in 1910.
In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, Manchester United was the first English football club to win the European Cup, ten years after the Munich air disaster that claimed the lives of eight players. The current manager, Sir Alex Ferguson, is the most successful manager in English football history, having won 27 major honours since he took over in November 1986.^[3][4]
Manchester United is the most successful club in English football, having won a record 19 league titles, a record 11 FA Cups^[5] and four League Cups. The club has also won three European Cups and has twice been club world champions: in 1999 and 2008.
Manchester United is one of the wealthiest and most widely supported football teams in the world.^[6][7][8][9] The club is said to be worth £1.13 billion, making it the world's most valuable football club.^[10] After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost £800 million.^[11]